# Copyright 2007 Google, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
# Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
"""Abstract Base Classes (ABCs) for collections, according to PEP 3119.
Unit tests are in test_collections.
"""
############ Maintenance notes #########################################
#
# ABCs are different from other standard library modules in that they
# specify compliance tests. In general, once an ABC has been published,
# new methods (either abstract or concrete) cannot be added.
#
# Though classes that inherit from an ABC would automatically receive a
# new mixin method, registered classes would become non-compliant and
# violate the contract promised by ``isinstance(someobj, SomeABC)``.
#
# Though irritating, the correct procedure for adding new abstract or
# mixin methods is to create a new ABC as a subclass of the previous
# ABC. For example, union(), intersection(), and difference() cannot
# be added to Set but could go into a new ABC that extends Set.
#
# Because they are so hard to change, new ABCs should have their APIs
# carefully thought through prior to publication.
#
# Since ABCMeta only checks for the presence of methods, it is possible
# to alter the signature of a method by adding optional arguments
# or changing parameters names. This is still a bit dubious but at
# least it won't cause isinstance() to return an incorrect result.
#
#
#######################################################################
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
import sys
GenericAlias = type(list[int])
EllipsisType = type(...)
def _f(): pass
FunctionType = type(_f)
del _f
__all__ = ["Awaitable", "Coroutine",
"AsyncIterable", "AsyncIterator", "AsyncGenerator",
"Hashable", "Iterable", "Iterator", "Generator", "Reversible",
"Sized", "Container", "Callable", "Collection",
"Set", "MutableSet",
"Mapping", "MutableMapping",
"MappingView", "KeysView", "ItemsView", "ValuesView",
"Sequence", "MutableSequence",
"ByteString", "Buffer",
]
# This module has been renamed from collections.abc to _collections_abc to
# speed up interpreter startup. Some of the types such as MutableMapping are
# required early but collections module imports a lot of other modules.
# See issue #19218
__name__ = "collections.abc"
# Private list of types that we want to register with the various ABCs
# so that they will pass tests like:
# it = iter(somebytearray)
# assert isinstance(it, Iterable)
# Note: in other implementations, these types might not be distinct
# and they may have their own implementation specific types that
# are not included on this list.
bytes_iterator = type(iter(b''))
bytearray_iterator = type(iter(bytearray()))
#callable_iterator = ???
dict_keyiterator = type(iter({}.keys()))
dict_valueiterator = type(iter({}.values()))
dict_itemiterator = type(iter({}.items()))
list_iterator = type(iter([]))
list_reverseiterator = type(iter(reversed([])))
range_iterator = type(iter(range(0)))
longrange_iterator = type(iter(range(1 << 1000)))
set_iterator = type(iter(set()))
str_iterator = type(iter(""))
tuple_iterator = type(iter(()))
zip_iterator = type(iter(zip()))
## views ##
dict_keys = type({}.keys())
dict_values = type({}.values())
dict_items = type({}.items())
## misc ##
mappingproxy = type(type.__dict__)
generator = type((lambda: (yield))())
## coroutine ##
async def _coro(): pass
_coro = _coro()
coroutine = type(_coro)
_coro.close() # Prevent ResourceWarning
del _coro
## asynchronous generator ##
async def _ag(): yield
_ag = _ag()
async_generator = type(_ag)
del _ag
### ONE-TRICK PONIES ###
def _check_methods(C, *methods):
mro = C.__mro__
for method in methods:
for B in mro:
if method in B.__dict__:
if B.__dict__[method] is None:
return NotImplemented
break
else:
return NotImplemented
return True
class Hashable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
__slots__ = ()
@abstractmethod
def __hash__(self):
return 0
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is Hashable:
return _check_methods(C, "__hash__")
return NotImplemented
class Awaitable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
__slots__ = ()
@abstractmethod
def __await__(self):
yield
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is Awaitable:
return _check_methods(C, "__await__")
return NotImplemented
__class_getitem__ = classmethod(GenericAlias)
class Coroutine(Awaitable):
__slots__ = ()
@abstractmethod
def send(self, value):
"""Send a value into the coroutine.
Return next yielded value or raise StopIteration.
"""
raise StopIteration
@abstractmethod
def throw(self, typ, val=None, tb=None):
"""Raise an exception in the coroutine.
Return next yielded value or raise StopIteration.
"""
if val is None:
if tb is None:
raise typ
val = typ()
if tb is not None:
val = val.with_traceback(tb)
raise val
def close(self):
"""Raise GeneratorExit inside coroutine.
"""
try:
self.throw(GeneratorExit)
except (GeneratorExit, StopIteration):
pass
else:
raise RuntimeError("coroutine ignored GeneratorExit")
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is Coroutine:
return _check_methods(C, '__await__', 'send', 'throw', 'close')
return NotImplemented
Coroutine.register(coroutine)
class AsyncIterable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
__slots__ = ()
@abstractmethod
def __aiter__(self):
return AsyncIterator()
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is AsyncIterable:
return _check_methods(C, "__aiter__")
return NotImplemented
__class_getitem__ = classmethod(GenericAlias)
class AsyncIterator(AsyncIterable):
__slots__ = ()
@abstractmethod
async def __anext__(self):
"""Return the next item or raise StopAsyncIteration when exhausted."""
raise StopAsyncIteration
def __aiter__(self):
return self
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is AsyncIterator:
return _check_methods(C, "__anext__", "__aiter__")
return NotImplemented
class AsyncGenerator(AsyncIterator):
__slots__ = ()
async def __anext__(self):
"""Return the next item from the asynchronous generator.
When exhausted, raise StopAsyncIteration.
"""
return await self.asend(None)
@abstractmethod
async def asend(self, value):
"""Send a value into the asynchronous generator.
Return next yielded value or raise StopAsyncIteration.
"""
raise StopAsyncIteration
@abstractmethod
async def athrow(self, typ, val=None, tb=None):
"""Raise an exception in the asynchronous generator.
Return next yielded value or raise StopAsyncIteration.
"""
if val is None:
if tb is None:
raise typ
val = typ()
if tb is not None:
val = val.with_traceback(tb)
raise val
async def aclose(self):
"""Raise GeneratorExit inside coroutine.
"""
try:
await self.athrow(GeneratorExit)
except (GeneratorExit, StopAsyncIteration):
pass
else:
raise RuntimeError("asynchronous generator ignored GeneratorExit")
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is AsyncGenerator:
return _check_methods(C, '__aiter__', '__anext__',
'asend', 'athrow', 'aclose')
return NotImplemented
AsyncGenerator.register(async_generator)
class Iterable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
__slots__ = ()
@abstractmethod
def __iter__(self):
while False:
yield None
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is Iterable:
return _check_methods(C, "__iter__")
return NotImplemented
__class_getitem__ = classmethod(GenericAlias)
class Iterator(Iterable):
__slots__ = ()
@abstractmethod
def __next__(self):
'Return the next item from the iterator. When exhausted, raise StopIteration'
raise StopIteration
def __iter__(self):
return self
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is Iterator:
return _check_methods(C, '__iter__', '__next__')
return NotImplemented
Iterator.register(bytes_iterator)
Iterator.register(bytearray_iterator)
#Iterator.register(callable_iterator)
Iterator.register(dict_keyiterator)
Iterator.register(dict_valueiterator)
Iterator.register(dict_itemiterator)
Iterator.register(list_iterator)
Iterator.register(list_reverseiterator)
Iterator.register(range_iterator)
Iterator.register(longrange_iterator)
Iterator.register(set_iterator)
Iterator.register(str_iterator)
Iterator.register(tuple_iterator)
Iterator.register(zip_iterator)
class Reversible(Iterable):
__slots__ = ()
@abstractmethod
def __reversed__(self):
while False:
yield None
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is Reversible:
return _check_methods(C, "__reversed__", "__iter__")
return NotImplemented
class Generator(Iterator):
__slots__ = ()
def __next__(self):
"""Return the next item from the generator.
When exhausted, raise StopIteration.
"""
return self.send(None)
@abstractmethod
def send(self, value):
"""Send a value into the generator.
Return next yielded value or raise StopIteration.
"""
raise StopIteration
@abstractmethod
def throw(self, typ, val=None, tb=None):
"""Raise an exception in the generator.
Return next yielded value or raise StopIteration.
"""
if val is None:
if tb is None:
raise typ
val = typ()
if tb is not None:
val = val.with_traceback(tb)
raise val
def close(self):
"""Raise GeneratorExit inside generator.
"""
try:
self.throw(GeneratorExit)
except (GeneratorExit, StopIteration):
pass
else:
raise RuntimeError("generator ignored GeneratorExit")
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is Generator:
return _check_methods(C, '__iter__', '__next__',
'send', 'throw', 'close')
return NotImplemented
Generator.register(generator)
class Sized(metaclass=ABCMeta):
__slots__ = ()
@abstractmethod
def __len__(self):
return 0
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is Sized:
return _check_methods(C, "__len__")
return NotImplemented
class Container(metaclass=ABCMeta):
__slots__ = ()
@abstractmethod
def __contains__(self, x):
return False
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is Container:
return _check_methods(C, "__contains__")
return NotImplemented
__class_getitem__ = classmethod(GenericAlias)
class Collection(Sized, Iterable, Container):
__slots__ = ()
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is Collection:
return _check_methods(C, "__len__", "__iter__", "__contains__")
return NotImplemented
class Buffer(metaclass=ABCMeta):
__slots__ = ()
@abstractmethod
def __buffer__(self, flags: int, /) -> memoryview:
raise NotImplementedError
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is Buffer:
return _check_methods(C, "__buffer__")
return NotImplemented
class _CallableGenericAlias(GenericAlias):
""" Represent `Callable[argtypes, resulttype]`.
This sets ``__args__`` to a tuple containing the flattened ``argtypes``
followed by ``resulttype``.
Example: ``Callable[[int, str], float]`` sets ``__args__`` to
``(int, str, float)``.
"""
__slots__ = ()
def __new__(cls, origin, args):
if not (isinstance(args, tuple) and len(args) == 2):
raise TypeError(
"Callable must be used as Callable[[arg, ...], result].")
t_args, t_result = args
if isinstance(t_args, (tuple, list)):
args = (*t_args, t_result)
elif not _is_param_expr(t_args):
raise TypeError(f"Expected a list of types, an ellipsis, "
f"ParamSpec, or Concatenate. Got {t_args}")
return super().__new__(cls, origin, args)
def __repr__(self):
if len(self.__args__) == 2 and _is_param_expr(self.__args__[0]):
return super().__repr__()
return (f'collections.abc.Callable'
f'[[{", ".join([_type_repr(a) for a in self.__args__[:-1]])}], '
f'{_type_repr(self.__args__[-1])}]')
def __reduce__(self):
args = self.__args__
if not (len(args) == 2 and _is_param_expr(args[0])):
args = list(args[:-1]), args[-1]
return _CallableGenericAlias, (Callable, args)
def __getitem__(self, item):
# Called during TypeVar substitution, returns the custom subclass
# rather than the default types.GenericAlias object. Most of the
# code is copied from typing's _GenericAlias and the builtin
# types.GenericAlias.
if not isinstance(item, tuple):
item = (item,)
new_args = super().__getitem__(item).__args__
# args[0] occurs due to things like Z[[int, str, bool]] from PEP 612
if not isinstance(new_args[0], (tuple, list)):
t_result = new_args[-1]
t_args = new_args[:-1]
new_args = (t_args, t_result)
return _CallableGenericAlias(Callable, tuple(new_args))
def _is_param_expr(obj):
"""Checks if obj matches either a list of types, ``...``, ``ParamSpec`` or
``_ConcatenateGenericAlias`` from typing.py
"""
if obj is Ellipsis:
return True
if isinstance(obj, list):
return True
obj = type(obj)
names = ('ParamSpec', '_ConcatenateGenericAlias')
return obj.__module__ == 'typing' and any(obj.__name__ == name for name in names)
def _type_repr(obj):
"""Return the repr() of an object, special-casing types (internal helper).
Copied from :mod:`typing` since collections.abc
shouldn't depend on that module.
(Keep this roughly in sync with the typing version.)
"""
if isinstance(obj, type):
if obj.__module__ == 'builtins':
return obj.__qualname__
return f'{obj.__module__}.{obj.__qualname__}'
if obj is Ellipsis:
return '...'
if isinstance(obj, FunctionType):
return obj.__name__
return repr(obj)
class Callable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
__slots__ = ()
@abstractmethod
def __call__(self, *args, **kwds):
return False
@classmethod
def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
if cls is Callable:
return _check_methods(C, "__call__")
return NotImplemented
__class_getitem__ = classmethod(_CallableGenericAlias)
### SETS ###
class Set(Collection):
"""A set is a finite, iterable container.
This class provides concrete generic implementations of all
methods except for __contains__, __iter__ and __len__.
To override the comparisons (presumably for speed, as the
semantics are fixed), redefine __le__ and __ge__,
then the other operations will automatically follow suit.
"""
__slots__ = ()
def __le__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, Set):
return NotImplemented
if len(self) > len(other):
return False
for elem in self:
if elem not in other:
return False
return True
def __lt__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, Set):
return NotImplemented
return len(self) < len(other) and self.__le__(other)
def __gt__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, Set):
return NotImplemented
return len(self) > len(other) and self.__ge__(other)
def __ge__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, Set):
return NotImplemented
if len(self) < len(other):
return False
for elem in other:
if elem not in self:
return False
return True
def __eq__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, Set):
return NotImplemented
return len(self) == len(other) and self.__le__(other)
@classmethod
def _from_iterable(cls, it):
'''Construct an instance of the class from any iterable input.
Must override this method if the class constructor signature
does not accept an iterable for an input.
'''
return cls(it)
def __and__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, Iterable):
return NotImplemented
return self._from_iterable(value for value in other if value in self)
__rand__ = __and__
def isdisjoint(self, other):
'Return True if two sets have a null intersection.'
for value in other:
if value in self:
return False
return True
def __or__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, Iterable):
return NotImplemented
chain = (e for s in (self, other) for e in s)
return self._from_iterable(chain)
__ror__ = __or__
def __sub__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, Set):
if not isinstance(other, Iterable):
return NotImplemented
other = self._from_iterable(other)
return self._from_iterable(value for value in self
if value not in other)
def __rsub__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, Set):
if not isinstance(other, Iterable):
return NotImplemented
other = self._from_iterable(other)
return self._from_iterable(value for value in other
if value not in self)
def __xor__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, Set):
if not isinstance(other, Iterable):
return NotImplemented
other = self._from_iterable(other)
return (self - other) | (other - self)
__rxor__ = __xor__
def _hash(self):
"""Compute the hash value of a set.
Note that we don't define __hash__: not all sets are hashable.
But if you define a hashable set type, its __hash__ should
call this function.
This must be compatible __eq__.
All sets ought to compare equal if they contain the same
elements, regardless of how they are implemented, and
regardless of the order of the elements; so there's not much
freedom for __eq__ or __hash__. We match the algorithm used
by the built-in frozenset type.
"""
MAX = sys.maxsize
MASK = 2 * MAX + 1
n = len(self)
h = 1927868237 * (n + 1)
h &= MASK
for x in self:
hx = hash(x)
h ^= (hx ^ (hx << 16) ^ 89869747) * 3644798167
h &= MASK
h ^= (h >> 11) ^ (h >> 25)
h = h * 69069 + 907133923
h &= MASK
if h > MAX:
h -= MASK + 1
if h == -1:
h = 590923713
return h
Set.register(frozenset)
class MutableSet(Set):
"""A mutable set is a finite, iterable container.
This class provides concrete generic implementations of all
methods except for __contains__, __iter__, __len__,
add(), and discard().
To override the comparisons (presumably for speed, as the
semantics are fixed), all you have to do is redefine __le__ and
then the other operations will automatically follow suit.
"""
__slots__ = ()
@abstractmethod
def add(self, value):
"""Add an element."""
raise NotImplementedError
@abstractmethod
def discard(self, value):
"""Remove an element. Do not raise an exception if absent."""
raise NotImplementedError
def remove(self, value):
"""Remove an element. If not a member, raise a KeyError."""
if value not in self:
raise KeyError(value)
self.discard(value)
def pop(self):
"""Return the popped value. Raise KeyError if empty."""
it = iter(self)
try:
value = next(it)
except StopIteration:
raise KeyError from None
self.discard(value)
return value
def clear(self):
"""This is slow (creates N new iterators!) but effective."""
try:
while True:
self.pop()
except KeyError:
pass
def __ior__(self, it):
for value in it:
self.add(value)
return self
def __iand__(self, it):
for value in (self - it):
self.discard(value)
return self
def __ixor__(self, it):
if it is self:
self.clear()
else:
if not isinstance(it, Set):
it = self._from_iterable(it)
for value in it:
if value in self:
self.discard(value)
else:
self.add(value)
return self
def __isub__(self, it):
if it is self:
self.clear()
else:
for value in it:
self.discard(value)
return self
MutableSet.register(set)
### MAPPINGS ###
class Mapping(Collection):
"""A Mapping is a generic container for associating key/value
pairs.
This class provides concrete generic implementations of all
methods except for __getitem__, __iter__, and __len__.
"""
__slots__ = ()
# Tell ABCMeta.__new__ that this class should have TPFLAGS_MAPPING set.
__abc_tpflags__ = 1 << 6 # Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING
@abstractmethod
def __getitem__(self, key):
raise KeyError
def get(self, key, default=None):
'D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d. d defaults to None.'
try:
return self[key]
except KeyError:
return default
def __contains__(self, key):
try:
self[key]
except KeyError:
return False
else:
return True
def keys(self):
"D.keys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys"
return KeysView(self)
def items(self):
"D.items() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items"
return ItemsView(self)
def values(self):
"D.values() -> an object providing a view on D's values"
return ValuesView(self)
def __eq__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, Mapping):
return NotImplemented
return dict(self.items()) == dict(other.items())
__reversed__ = None
Mapping.register(mappingproxy)
class MappingView(Sized):
__slots__ = '_mapping',
def __init__(self, mapping):
self._mapping = mapping
def __len__(self):
return len(self._mapping)
def __repr__(self):
return '{0.__class__.__name__}({0._mapping!r})'.format(self)
__class_getitem__ = classmethod(GenericAlias)
class KeysView(MappingView, Set):
__slots__ = ()
@classmethod
def _from_iterable(cls, it):
return set(it)
def __contains__(self, key):
return key in self._mapping
def __iter__(self):
yield from self._mapping
KeysView.register(dict_keys)
class ItemsView(MappingView, Set):
__slots__ = ()
@classmethod
def _from_iterable(cls, it):
return set(it)
def __contains__(self, item):
key, value = item
try:
v = self._mapping[key]
except KeyError:
return False
else:
return v is value or v == value
def __iter__(self):
for key in self._mapping:
yield (key, self._mapping[key])
ItemsView.register(dict_items)
class ValuesView(MappingView, Collection):
__slots__ = ()
def __contains__(self, value):
for key in self._mapping:
v = self._mapping[key]
if v is value or v == value:
return True
return False
def __iter__(self):
for key in self._mapping:
yield self._mapping[key]
ValuesView.register(dict_values)
class MutableMapping(Mapping):
"""A MutableMapping is a generic container for associating
key/value pairs.
This class provides concrete generic implementations of all
methods except for __getitem__, __setitem__, __delitem__,
__iter__, and __len__.
"""
__slots__ = ()
@abstractmethod
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
raise KeyError
@abstractmethod
def __delitem__(self, key):
raise KeyError
__marker = object()
def pop(self, key, default=__marker):
'''D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised.
'''
try:
value = self[key]
except KeyError:
if default is self.__marker:
raise
return default
else:
del self[key]
return value
def popitem(self):
'''D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair
as a 2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.
'''
try:
key = next(iter(self))
except StopIteration:
raise KeyError from None
value = self[key]
del self[key]
return key, value
def clear(self):
'D.clear() -> None. Remove all items from D.'
try:
while True:
self.popitem()
except KeyError:
pass
def update(self, other=(), /, **kwds):
''' D.update([E, ]**F) -> None. Update D from mapping/iterable E and F.
If E present and has a .keys() method, does: for k in E.keys(): D[k] = E[k]
If E present and lacks .keys() method, does: for (k, v) in E: D[k] = v
In either case, this is followed by: for k, v in F.items(): D[k] = v
'''
if isinstance(other, Mapping):
for key in other:
self[key] = other[key]
elif hasattr(other, "keys"):
for key in other.keys():
self[key] = other[key]
else:
for key, value in other:
self[key] = value
for key, value in kwds.items():
self[key] = value
def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
'D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D'
try:
return self[key]
except KeyError:
self[key] = default
return default
MutableMapping.register(dict)
### SEQUENCES ###
class Sequence(Reversible, Collection):
"""All the operations on a read-only sequence.
Concrete subclasses must override __new__ or __init__,
__getitem__, and __len__.
"""
__slots__ = ()
# Tell ABCMeta.__new__ that this class should have TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE set.
__abc_tpflags__ = 1 << 5 # Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE
@abstractmethod
def __getitem__(self, index):
raise IndexError
def __iter__(self):
i = 0
try:
while True:
v = self[i]
yield v
i += 1
except IndexError:
return
def __contains__(self, value):
for v in self:
if v is value or v == value:
return True
return False
def __reversed__(self):
for i in reversed(range(len(self))):
yield self[i]
def index(self, value, start=0, stop=None):
'''S.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
Supporting start and stop arguments is optional, but
recommended.
'''
if start is not None and start < 0:
start = max(len(self) + start, 0)
if stop is not None and stop < 0:
stop += len(self)
i = start
while stop is None or i < stop:
try:
v = self[i]
except IndexError:
break
if v is value or v == value:
return i
i += 1
raise ValueError
def count(self, value):
'S.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value'
return sum(1 for v in self if v is value or v == value)
Sequence.register(tuple)
Sequence.register(str)
Sequence.register(range)
Sequence.register(memoryview)
class _DeprecateByteStringMeta(ABCMeta):
def __new__(cls, name, bases, namespace, **kwargs):
if name != "ByteString":
import warnings
warnings._deprecated(
"collections.abc.ByteString",
remove=(3, 14),
)
return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, namespace, **kwargs)
def __instancecheck__(cls, instance):
import warnings
warnings._deprecated(
"collections.abc.ByteString",
remove=(3, 14),
)
return super().__instancecheck__(instance)
class ByteString(Sequence, metaclass=_DeprecateByteStringMeta):
"""This unifies bytes and bytearray.
XXX Should add all their methods.
"""
__slots__ = ()
ByteString.register(bytes)
ByteString.register(bytearray)
class MutableSequence(Sequence):
"""All the operations on a read-write sequence.
Concrete subclasses must provide __new__ or __init__,
__getitem__, __setitem__, __delitem__, __len__, and insert().
"""
__slots__ = ()
@abstractmethod
def __setitem__(self, index, value):
raise IndexError
@abstractmethod
def __delitem__(self, index):
raise IndexError
@abstractmethod
def insert(self, index, value):
'S.insert(index, value) -- insert value before index'
raise IndexError
def append(self, value):
'S.append(value) -- append value to the end of the sequence'
self.insert(len(self), value)
def clear(self):
'S.clear() -> None -- remove all items from S'
try:
while True:
self.pop()
except IndexError:
pass
def reverse(self):
'S.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE*'
n = len(self)
for i in range(n//2):
self[i], self[n-i-1] = self[n-i-1], self[i]
def extend(self, values):
'S.extend(iterable) -- extend sequence by appending elements from the iterable'
if values is self:
values = list(values)
for v in values:
self.append(v)
def pop(self, index=-1):
'''S.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).
Raise IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.
'''
v = self[index]
del self[index]
return v
def remove(self, value):
'''S.remove(value) -- remove first occurrence of value.
Raise ValueError if the value is not present.
'''
del self[self.index(value)]
def __iadd__(self, values):
self.extend(values)
return self
MutableSequence.register(list)
MutableSequence.register(bytearray) # Multiply inheriting, see ByteString
