# = forwardable - Support for the Delegation Pattern
#
# $Release Version: 1.1$
# $Revision: 16857 $
# $Date: 2008-06-06 17:05:24 +0900 (Fri, 06 Jun 2008) $
# by Keiju ISHITSUKA(keiju@ishitsuka.com)
#
# Documentation by James Edward Gray II and Gavin Sinclair
#
# == Introduction
#
# This library allows you delegate method calls to an object, on a method by
# method basis. You can use Forwardable to setup this delegation at the class
# level, or SingleForwardable to handle it at the object level.
#
# == Notes
#
# Be advised, RDoc will not detect delegated methods.
#
# <b>forwardable.rb provides single-method delegation via the
# def_delegator() and def_delegators() methods. For full-class
# delegation via DelegateClass(), see delegate.rb.</b>
#
# == Examples
#
# === Forwardable
#
# Forwardable makes building a new class based on existing work, with a proper
# interface, almost trivial. We want to rely on what has come before obviously,
# but with delegation we can take just the methods we need and even rename them
# as appropriate. In many cases this is preferable to inheritance, which gives
# us the entire old interface, even if much of it isn't needed.
#
# class Queue
# extend Forwardable
#
# def initialize
# @q = [ ] # prepare delegate object
# end
#
# # setup preferred interface, enq() and deq()...
# def_delegator :@q, :push, :enq
# def_delegator :@q, :shift, :deq
#
# # support some general Array methods that fit Queues well
# def_delegators :@q, :clear, :first, :push, :shift, :size
# end
#
# q = Queue.new
# q.enq 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
# q.push 6
#
# q.shift # => 1
# while q.size > 0
# puts q.deq
# end
#
# q.enq "Ruby", "Perl", "Python"
# puts q.first
# q.clear
# puts q.first
#
# <i>Prints:</i>
#
# 2
# 3
# 4
# 5
# 6
# Ruby
# nil
#
# === SingleForwardable
#
# printer = String.new
# printer.extend SingleForwardable # prepare object for delegation
# printer.def_delegator "STDOUT", "puts" # add delegation for STDOUT.puts()
# printer.puts "Howdy!"
#
# <i>Prints:</i>
#
# Howdy!
#
# The Forwardable module provides delegation of specified
# methods to a designated object, using the methods #def_delegator
# and #def_delegators.
#
# For example, say you have a class RecordCollection which
# contains an array <tt>@records</tt>. You could provide the lookup method
# #record_number(), which simply calls #[] on the <tt>@records</tt>
# array, like this:
#
# class RecordCollection
# extend Forwardable
# def_delegator :@records, :[], :record_number
# end
#
# Further, if you wish to provide the methods #size, #<<, and #map,
# all of which delegate to @records, this is how you can do it:
#
# class RecordCollection
# # extend Forwardable, but we did that above
# def_delegators :@records, :size, :<<, :map
# end
#
# Also see the example at forwardable.rb.
#
module Forwardable
@debug = nil
class<<self
# force Forwardable to show up in stack backtraces of delegated methods
attr_accessor :debug
end
#
# Shortcut for defining multiple delegator methods, but with no
# provision for using a different name. The following two code
# samples have the same effect:
#
# def_delegators :@records, :size, :<<, :map
#
# def_delegator :@records, :size
# def_delegator :@records, :<<
# def_delegator :@records, :map
#
# See the examples at Forwardable and forwardable.rb.
#
def def_instance_delegators(accessor, *methods)
for method in methods
def_instance_delegator(accessor, method)
end
end
#
# Defines a method _method_ which delegates to _obj_ (i.e. it calls
# the method of the same name in _obj_). If _new_name_ is
# provided, it is used as the name for the delegate method.
#
# See the examples at Forwardable and forwardable.rb.
#
def def_instance_delegator(accessor, method, ali = method)
accessor = accessor.id2name if accessor.kind_of?(Integer)
method = method.id2name if method.kind_of?(Integer)
ali = ali.id2name if ali.kind_of?(Integer)
module_eval(<<-EOS, "(__FORWARDABLE__)", 1)
def #{ali}(*args, &block)
begin
#{accessor}.__send__(:#{method}, *args, &block)
rescue Exception
$@.delete_if{|s| /^\\(__FORWARDABLE__\\):/ =~ s} unless Forwardable::debug
Kernel::raise
end
end
EOS
end
alias def_delegators def_instance_delegators
alias def_delegator def_instance_delegator
end
#
# The SingleForwardable module provides delegation of specified
# methods to a designated object, using the methods #def_delegator
# and #def_delegators. This module is similar to Forwardable, but it works on
# objects themselves, instead of their defining classes.
#
# Also see the example at forwardable.rb.
#
module SingleForwardable
#
# Shortcut for defining multiple delegator methods, but with no
# provision for using a different name. The following two code
# samples have the same effect:
#
# single_forwardable.def_delegators :@records, :size, :<<, :map
#
# single_forwardable.def_delegator :@records, :size
# single_forwardable.def_delegator :@records, :<<
# single_forwardable.def_delegator :@records, :map
#
# See the example at forwardable.rb.
#
def def_singleton_delegators(accessor, *methods)
for method in methods
def_singleton_delegator(accessor, method)
end
end
#
# Defines a method _method_ which delegates to _obj_ (i.e. it calls
# the method of the same name in _obj_). If _new_name_ is
# provided, it is used as the name for the delegate method.
#
# See the example at forwardable.rb.
#
def def_singleton_delegator(accessor, method, ali = method)
accessor = accessor.id2name if accessor.kind_of?(Integer)
method = method.id2name if method.kind_of?(Integer)
ali = ali.id2name if ali.kind_of?(Integer)
instance_eval(<<-EOS, "(__FORWARDABLE__)", 1)
def #{ali}(*args, &block)
begin
#{accessor}.__send__(:#{method}, *args,&block)
rescue Exception
$@.delete_if{|s| /^\\(__FORWARDABLE__\\):/ =~ s} unless Forwardable::debug
Kernel::raise
end
end
EOS
end
alias def_delegators def_singleton_delegators
alias def_delegator def_singleton_delegator
end
