#! /opt/alt/python33/bin/python3.3
"""An RFC 5321 smtp proxy.
Usage: %(program)s [options] [localhost:localport [remotehost:remoteport]]
Options:
--nosetuid
-n
This program generally tries to setuid `nobody', unless this flag is
set. The setuid call will fail if this program is not run as root (in
which case, use this flag).
--version
-V
Print the version number and exit.
--class classname
-c classname
Use `classname' as the concrete SMTP proxy class. Uses `PureProxy' by
default.
--size limit
-s limit
Restrict the total size of the incoming message to "limit" number of
bytes via the RFC 1870 SIZE extension. Defaults to 33554432 bytes.
--debug
-d
Turn on debugging prints.
--help
-h
Print this message and exit.
Version: %(__version__)s
If localhost is not given then `localhost' is used, and if localport is not
given then 8025 is used. If remotehost is not given then `localhost' is used,
and if remoteport is not given, then 25 is used.
"""
# Overview:
#
# This file implements the minimal SMTP protocol as defined in RFC 5321. It
# has a hierarchy of classes which implement the backend functionality for the
# smtpd. A number of classes are provided:
#
# SMTPServer - the base class for the backend. Raises NotImplementedError
# if you try to use it.
#
# DebuggingServer - simply prints each message it receives on stdout.
#
# PureProxy - Proxies all messages to a real smtpd which does final
# delivery. One known problem with this class is that it doesn't handle
# SMTP errors from the backend server at all. This should be fixed
# (contributions are welcome!).
#
# MailmanProxy - An experimental hack to work with GNU Mailman
# <www.list.org>. Using this server as your real incoming smtpd, your
# mailhost will automatically recognize and accept mail destined to Mailman
# lists when those lists are created. Every message not destined for a list
# gets forwarded to a real backend smtpd, as with PureProxy. Again, errors
# are not handled correctly yet.
#
#
# Author: Barry Warsaw <barry@python.org>
#
# TODO:
#
# - support mailbox delivery
# - alias files
# - Handle more ESMTP extensions
# - handle error codes from the backend smtpd
import sys
import os
import errno
import getopt
import time
import socket
import asyncore
import asynchat
import collections
from warnings import warn
from email._header_value_parser import get_addr_spec, get_angle_addr
__all__ = ["SMTPServer","DebuggingServer","PureProxy","MailmanProxy"]
program = sys.argv[0]
__version__ = 'Python SMTP proxy version 0.3'
class Devnull:
def write(self, msg): pass
def flush(self): pass
DEBUGSTREAM = Devnull()
NEWLINE = '\n'
EMPTYSTRING = ''
COMMASPACE = ', '
DATA_SIZE_DEFAULT = 33554432
def usage(code, msg=''):
print(__doc__ % globals(), file=sys.stderr)
if msg:
print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(code)
class SMTPChannel(asynchat.async_chat):
COMMAND = 0
DATA = 1
command_size_limit = 512
command_size_limits = collections.defaultdict(lambda x=command_size_limit: x)
command_size_limits.update({
'MAIL': command_size_limit + 26,
})
max_command_size_limit = max(command_size_limits.values())
def __init__(self, server, conn, addr, data_size_limit=DATA_SIZE_DEFAULT):
asynchat.async_chat.__init__(self, conn)
self.smtp_server = server
self.conn = conn
self.addr = addr
self.data_size_limit = data_size_limit
self.received_lines = []
self.smtp_state = self.COMMAND
self.seen_greeting = ''
self.mailfrom = None
self.rcpttos = []
self.received_data = ''
self.fqdn = socket.getfqdn()
self.num_bytes = 0
try:
self.peer = conn.getpeername()
except socket.error as err:
# a race condition may occur if the other end is closing
# before we can get the peername
self.close()
if err.args[0] != errno.ENOTCONN:
raise
return
print('Peer:', repr(self.peer), file=DEBUGSTREAM)
self.push('220 %s %s' % (self.fqdn, __version__))
self.set_terminator(b'\r\n')
self.extended_smtp = False
# properties for backwards-compatibility
@property
def __server(self):
warn("Access to __server attribute on SMTPChannel is deprecated, "
"use 'smtp_server' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
return self.smtp_server
@__server.setter
def __server(self, value):
warn("Setting __server attribute on SMTPChannel is deprecated, "
"set 'smtp_server' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
self.smtp_server = value
@property
def __line(self):
warn("Access to __line attribute on SMTPChannel is deprecated, "
"use 'received_lines' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
return self.received_lines
@__line.setter
def __line(self, value):
warn("Setting __line attribute on SMTPChannel is deprecated, "
"set 'received_lines' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
self.received_lines = value
@property
def __state(self):
warn("Access to __state attribute on SMTPChannel is deprecated, "
"use 'smtp_state' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
return self.smtp_state
@__state.setter
def __state(self, value):
warn("Setting __state attribute on SMTPChannel is deprecated, "
"set 'smtp_state' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
self.smtp_state = value
@property
def __greeting(self):
warn("Access to __greeting attribute on SMTPChannel is deprecated, "
"use 'seen_greeting' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
return self.seen_greeting
@__greeting.setter
def __greeting(self, value):
warn("Setting __greeting attribute on SMTPChannel is deprecated, "
"set 'seen_greeting' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
self.seen_greeting = value
@property
def __mailfrom(self):
warn("Access to __mailfrom attribute on SMTPChannel is deprecated, "
"use 'mailfrom' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
return self.mailfrom
@__mailfrom.setter
def __mailfrom(self, value):
warn("Setting __mailfrom attribute on SMTPChannel is deprecated, "
"set 'mailfrom' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
self.mailfrom = value
@property
def __rcpttos(self):
warn("Access to __rcpttos attribute on SMTPChannel is deprecated, "
"use 'rcpttos' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
return self.rcpttos
@__rcpttos.setter
def __rcpttos(self, value):
warn("Setting __rcpttos attribute on SMTPChannel is deprecated, "
"set 'rcpttos' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
self.rcpttos = value
@property
def __data(self):
warn("Access to __data attribute on SMTPChannel is deprecated, "
"use 'received_data' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
return self.received_data
@__data.setter
def __data(self, value):
warn("Setting __data attribute on SMTPChannel is deprecated, "
"set 'received_data' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
self.received_data = value
@property
def __fqdn(self):
warn("Access to __fqdn attribute on SMTPChannel is deprecated, "
"use 'fqdn' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
return self.fqdn
@__fqdn.setter
def __fqdn(self, value):
warn("Setting __fqdn attribute on SMTPChannel is deprecated, "
"set 'fqdn' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
self.fqdn = value
@property
def __peer(self):
warn("Access to __peer attribute on SMTPChannel is deprecated, "
"use 'peer' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
return self.peer
@__peer.setter
def __peer(self, value):
warn("Setting __peer attribute on SMTPChannel is deprecated, "
"set 'peer' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
self.peer = value
@property
def __conn(self):
warn("Access to __conn attribute on SMTPChannel is deprecated, "
"use 'conn' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
return self.conn
@__conn.setter
def __conn(self, value):
warn("Setting __conn attribute on SMTPChannel is deprecated, "
"set 'conn' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
self.conn = value
@property
def __addr(self):
warn("Access to __addr attribute on SMTPChannel is deprecated, "
"use 'addr' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
return self.addr
@__addr.setter
def __addr(self, value):
warn("Setting __addr attribute on SMTPChannel is deprecated, "
"set 'addr' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
self.addr = value
# Overrides base class for convenience
def push(self, msg):
asynchat.async_chat.push(self, bytes(msg + '\r\n', 'ascii'))
# Implementation of base class abstract method
def collect_incoming_data(self, data):
limit = None
if self.smtp_state == self.COMMAND:
limit = self.max_command_size_limit
elif self.smtp_state == self.DATA:
limit = self.data_size_limit
if limit and self.num_bytes > limit:
return
elif limit:
self.num_bytes += len(data)
self.received_lines.append(str(data, "utf-8"))
# Implementation of base class abstract method
def found_terminator(self):
line = EMPTYSTRING.join(self.received_lines)
print('Data:', repr(line), file=DEBUGSTREAM)
self.received_lines = []
if self.smtp_state == self.COMMAND:
sz, self.num_bytes = self.num_bytes, 0
if not line:
self.push('500 Error: bad syntax')
return
method = None
i = line.find(' ')
if i < 0:
command = line.upper()
arg = None
else:
command = line[:i].upper()
arg = line[i+1:].strip()
max_sz = (self.command_size_limits[command]
if self.extended_smtp else self.command_size_limit)
if sz > max_sz:
self.push('500 Error: line too long')
return
method = getattr(self, 'smtp_' + command, None)
if not method:
self.push('500 Error: command "%s" not recognized' % command)
return
method(arg)
return
else:
if self.smtp_state != self.DATA:
self.push('451 Internal confusion')
self.num_bytes = 0
return
if self.data_size_limit and self.num_bytes > self.data_size_limit:
self.push('552 Error: Too much mail data')
self.num_bytes = 0
return
# Remove extraneous carriage returns and de-transparency according
# to RFC 5321, Section 4.5.2.
data = []
for text in line.split('\r\n'):
if text and text[0] == '.':
data.append(text[1:])
else:
data.append(text)
self.received_data = NEWLINE.join(data)
status = self.smtp_server.process_message(self.peer,
self.mailfrom,
self.rcpttos,
self.received_data)
self.rcpttos = []
self.mailfrom = None
self.smtp_state = self.COMMAND
self.num_bytes = 0
self.set_terminator(b'\r\n')
if not status:
self.push('250 OK')
else:
self.push(status)
# SMTP and ESMTP commands
def smtp_HELO(self, arg):
if not arg:
self.push('501 Syntax: HELO hostname')
return
if self.seen_greeting:
self.push('503 Duplicate HELO/EHLO')
else:
self.seen_greeting = arg
self.extended_smtp = False
self.push('250 %s' % self.fqdn)
def smtp_EHLO(self, arg):
if not arg:
self.push('501 Syntax: EHLO hostname')
return
if self.seen_greeting:
self.push('503 Duplicate HELO/EHLO')
else:
self.seen_greeting = arg
self.extended_smtp = True
self.push('250-%s' % self.fqdn)
if self.data_size_limit:
self.push('250-SIZE %s' % self.data_size_limit)
self.push('250 HELP')
def smtp_NOOP(self, arg):
if arg:
self.push('501 Syntax: NOOP')
else:
self.push('250 OK')
def smtp_QUIT(self, arg):
# args is ignored
self.push('221 Bye')
self.close_when_done()
def _strip_command_keyword(self, keyword, arg):
keylen = len(keyword)
if arg[:keylen].upper() == keyword:
return arg[keylen:].strip()
return ''
def _getaddr(self, arg):
if not arg:
return '', ''
if arg.lstrip().startswith('<'):
address, rest = get_angle_addr(arg)
else:
address, rest = get_addr_spec(arg)
if not address:
return address, rest
return address.addr_spec, rest
def _getparams(self, params):
# Return any parameters that appear to be syntactically valid according
# to RFC 1869, ignore all others. (Postel rule: accept what we can.)
params = [param.split('=', 1) for param in params.split()
if '=' in param]
return {k: v for k, v in params if k.isalnum()}
def smtp_HELP(self, arg):
if arg:
extended = ' [SP <mail parameters]'
lc_arg = arg.upper()
if lc_arg == 'EHLO':
self.push('250 Syntax: EHLO hostname')
elif lc_arg == 'HELO':
self.push('250 Syntax: HELO hostname')
elif lc_arg == 'MAIL':
msg = '250 Syntax: MAIL FROM: <address>'
if self.extended_smtp:
msg += extended
self.push(msg)
elif lc_arg == 'RCPT':
msg = '250 Syntax: RCPT TO: <address>'
if self.extended_smtp:
msg += extended
self.push(msg)
elif lc_arg == 'DATA':
self.push('250 Syntax: DATA')
elif lc_arg == 'RSET':
self.push('250 Syntax: RSET')
elif lc_arg == 'NOOP':
self.push('250 Syntax: NOOP')
elif lc_arg == 'QUIT':
self.push('250 Syntax: QUIT')
elif lc_arg == 'VRFY':
self.push('250 Syntax: VRFY <address>')
else:
self.push('501 Supported commands: EHLO HELO MAIL RCPT '
'DATA RSET NOOP QUIT VRFY')
else:
self.push('250 Supported commands: EHLO HELO MAIL RCPT DATA '
'RSET NOOP QUIT VRFY')
def smtp_VRFY(self, arg):
if arg:
address, params = self._getaddr(arg)
if address:
self.push('252 Cannot VRFY user, but will accept message '
'and attempt delivery')
else:
self.push('502 Could not VRFY %s' % arg)
else:
self.push('501 Syntax: VRFY <address>')
def smtp_MAIL(self, arg):
if not self.seen_greeting:
self.push('503 Error: send HELO first');
return
print('===> MAIL', arg, file=DEBUGSTREAM)
syntaxerr = '501 Syntax: MAIL FROM: <address>'
if self.extended_smtp:
syntaxerr += ' [SP <mail-parameters>]'
if arg is None:
self.push(syntaxerr)
return
arg = self._strip_command_keyword('FROM:', arg)
address, params = self._getaddr(arg)
if not address:
self.push(syntaxerr)
return
if not self.extended_smtp and params:
self.push(syntaxerr)
return
if not address:
self.push(syntaxerr)
return
if self.mailfrom:
self.push('503 Error: nested MAIL command')
return
params = self._getparams(params.upper())
if params is None:
self.push(syntaxerr)
return
size = params.pop('SIZE', None)
if size:
if not size.isdigit():
self.push(syntaxerr)
return
elif self.data_size_limit and int(size) > self.data_size_limit:
self.push('552 Error: message size exceeds fixed maximum message size')
return
if len(params.keys()) > 0:
self.push('555 MAIL FROM parameters not recognized or not implemented')
return
self.mailfrom = address
print('sender:', self.mailfrom, file=DEBUGSTREAM)
self.push('250 OK')
def smtp_RCPT(self, arg):
if not self.seen_greeting:
self.push('503 Error: send HELO first');
return
print('===> RCPT', arg, file=DEBUGSTREAM)
if not self.mailfrom:
self.push('503 Error: need MAIL command')
return
syntaxerr = '501 Syntax: RCPT TO: <address>'
if self.extended_smtp:
syntaxerr += ' [SP <mail-parameters>]'
if arg is None:
self.push(syntaxerr)
return
arg = self._strip_command_keyword('TO:', arg)
address, params = self._getaddr(arg)
if not address:
self.push(syntaxerr)
return
if params:
if self.extended_smtp:
params = self._getparams(params.upper())
if params is None:
self.push(syntaxerr)
return
else:
self.push(syntaxerr)
return
if not address:
self.push(syntaxerr)
return
if params and len(params.keys()) > 0:
self.push('555 RCPT TO parameters not recognized or not implemented')
return
if not address:
self.push('501 Syntax: RCPT TO: <address>')
return
self.rcpttos.append(address)
print('recips:', self.rcpttos, file=DEBUGSTREAM)
self.push('250 OK')
def smtp_RSET(self, arg):
if arg:
self.push('501 Syntax: RSET')
return
# Resets the sender, recipients, and data, but not the greeting
self.mailfrom = None
self.rcpttos = []
self.received_data = ''
self.smtp_state = self.COMMAND
self.push('250 OK')
def smtp_DATA(self, arg):
if not self.seen_greeting:
self.push('503 Error: send HELO first');
return
if not self.rcpttos:
self.push('503 Error: need RCPT command')
return
if arg:
self.push('501 Syntax: DATA')
return
self.smtp_state = self.DATA
self.set_terminator(b'\r\n.\r\n')
self.push('354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>')
# Commands that have not been implemented
def smtp_EXPN(self, arg):
self.push('502 EXPN not implemented')
class SMTPServer(asyncore.dispatcher):
# SMTPChannel class to use for managing client connections
channel_class = SMTPChannel
def __init__(self, localaddr, remoteaddr,
data_size_limit=DATA_SIZE_DEFAULT):
self._localaddr = localaddr
self._remoteaddr = remoteaddr
self.data_size_limit = data_size_limit
asyncore.dispatcher.__init__(self)
try:
self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# try to re-use a server port if possible
self.set_reuse_addr()
self.bind(localaddr)
self.listen(5)
except:
self.close()
raise
else:
print('%s started at %s\n\tLocal addr: %s\n\tRemote addr:%s' % (
self.__class__.__name__, time.ctime(time.time()),
localaddr, remoteaddr), file=DEBUGSTREAM)
def handle_accepted(self, conn, addr):
print('Incoming connection from %s' % repr(addr), file=DEBUGSTREAM)
channel = self.channel_class(self, conn, addr, self.data_size_limit)
# API for "doing something useful with the message"
def process_message(self, peer, mailfrom, rcpttos, data):
"""Override this abstract method to handle messages from the client.
peer is a tuple containing (ipaddr, port) of the client that made the
socket connection to our smtp port.
mailfrom is the raw address the client claims the message is coming
from.
rcpttos is a list of raw addresses the client wishes to deliver the
message to.
data is a string containing the entire full text of the message,
headers (if supplied) and all. It has been `de-transparencied'
according to RFC 821, Section 4.5.2. In other words, a line
containing a `.' followed by other text has had the leading dot
removed.
This function should return None, for a normal `250 Ok' response;
otherwise it returns the desired response string in RFC 821 format.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
class DebuggingServer(SMTPServer):
# Do something with the gathered message
def process_message(self, peer, mailfrom, rcpttos, data):
inheaders = 1
lines = data.split('\n')
print('---------- MESSAGE FOLLOWS ----------')
for line in lines:
# headers first
if inheaders and not line:
print('X-Peer:', peer[0])
inheaders = 0
print(line)
print('------------ END MESSAGE ------------')
class PureProxy(SMTPServer):
def process_message(self, peer, mailfrom, rcpttos, data):
lines = data.split('\n')
# Look for the last header
i = 0
for line in lines:
if not line:
break
i += 1
lines.insert(i, 'X-Peer: %s' % peer[0])
data = NEWLINE.join(lines)
refused = self._deliver(mailfrom, rcpttos, data)
# TBD: what to do with refused addresses?
print('we got some refusals:', refused, file=DEBUGSTREAM)
def _deliver(self, mailfrom, rcpttos, data):
import smtplib
refused = {}
try:
s = smtplib.SMTP()
s.connect(self._remoteaddr[0], self._remoteaddr[1])
try:
refused = s.sendmail(mailfrom, rcpttos, data)
finally:
s.quit()
except smtplib.SMTPRecipientsRefused as e:
print('got SMTPRecipientsRefused', file=DEBUGSTREAM)
refused = e.recipients
except (socket.error, smtplib.SMTPException) as e:
print('got', e.__class__, file=DEBUGSTREAM)
# All recipients were refused. If the exception had an associated
# error code, use it. Otherwise,fake it with a non-triggering
# exception code.
errcode = getattr(e, 'smtp_code', -1)
errmsg = getattr(e, 'smtp_error', 'ignore')
for r in rcpttos:
refused[r] = (errcode, errmsg)
return refused
class MailmanProxy(PureProxy):
def process_message(self, peer, mailfrom, rcpttos, data):
from io import StringIO
from Mailman import Utils
from Mailman import Message
from Mailman import MailList
# If the message is to a Mailman mailing list, then we'll invoke the
# Mailman script directly, without going through the real smtpd.
# Otherwise we'll forward it to the local proxy for disposition.
listnames = []
for rcpt in rcpttos:
local = rcpt.lower().split('@')[0]
# We allow the following variations on the theme
# listname
# listname-admin
# listname-owner
# listname-request
# listname-join
# listname-leave
parts = local.split('-')
if len(parts) > 2:
continue
listname = parts[0]
if len(parts) == 2:
command = parts[1]
else:
command = ''
if not Utils.list_exists(listname) or command not in (
'', 'admin', 'owner', 'request', 'join', 'leave'):
continue
listnames.append((rcpt, listname, command))
# Remove all list recipients from rcpttos and forward what we're not
# going to take care of ourselves. Linear removal should be fine
# since we don't expect a large number of recipients.
for rcpt, listname, command in listnames:
rcpttos.remove(rcpt)
# If there's any non-list destined recipients left,
print('forwarding recips:', ' '.join(rcpttos), file=DEBUGSTREAM)
if rcpttos:
refused = self._deliver(mailfrom, rcpttos, data)
# TBD: what to do with refused addresses?
print('we got refusals:', refused, file=DEBUGSTREAM)
# Now deliver directly to the list commands
mlists = {}
s = StringIO(data)
msg = Message.Message(s)
# These headers are required for the proper execution of Mailman. All
# MTAs in existence seem to add these if the original message doesn't
# have them.
if not msg.get('from'):
msg['From'] = mailfrom
if not msg.get('date'):
msg['Date'] = time.ctime(time.time())
for rcpt, listname, command in listnames:
print('sending message to', rcpt, file=DEBUGSTREAM)
mlist = mlists.get(listname)
if not mlist:
mlist = MailList.MailList(listname, lock=0)
mlists[listname] = mlist
# dispatch on the type of command
if command == '':
# post
msg.Enqueue(mlist, tolist=1)
elif command == 'admin':
msg.Enqueue(mlist, toadmin=1)
elif command == 'owner':
msg.Enqueue(mlist, toowner=1)
elif command == 'request':
msg.Enqueue(mlist, torequest=1)
elif command in ('join', 'leave'):
# TBD: this is a hack!
if command == 'join':
msg['Subject'] = 'subscribe'
else:
msg['Subject'] = 'unsubscribe'
msg.Enqueue(mlist, torequest=1)
class Options:
setuid = 1
classname = 'PureProxy'
size_limit = None
def parseargs():
global DEBUGSTREAM
try:
opts, args = getopt.getopt(
sys.argv[1:], 'nVhc:s:d',
['class=', 'nosetuid', 'version', 'help', 'size=', 'debug'])
except getopt.error as e:
usage(1, e)
options = Options()
for opt, arg in opts:
if opt in ('-h', '--help'):
usage(0)
elif opt in ('-V', '--version'):
print(__version__, file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(0)
elif opt in ('-n', '--nosetuid'):
options.setuid = 0
elif opt in ('-c', '--class'):
options.classname = arg
elif opt in ('-d', '--debug'):
DEBUGSTREAM = sys.stderr
elif opt in ('-s', '--size'):
try:
int_size = int(arg)
options.size_limit = int_size
except:
print('Invalid size: ' + arg, file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(1)
# parse the rest of the arguments
if len(args) < 1:
localspec = 'localhost:8025'
remotespec = 'localhost:25'
elif len(args) < 2:
localspec = args[0]
remotespec = 'localhost:25'
elif len(args) < 3:
localspec = args[0]
remotespec = args[1]
else:
usage(1, 'Invalid arguments: %s' % COMMASPACE.join(args))
# split into host/port pairs
i = localspec.find(':')
if i < 0:
usage(1, 'Bad local spec: %s' % localspec)
options.localhost = localspec[:i]
try:
options.localport = int(localspec[i+1:])
except ValueError:
usage(1, 'Bad local port: %s' % localspec)
i = remotespec.find(':')
if i < 0:
usage(1, 'Bad remote spec: %s' % remotespec)
options.remotehost = remotespec[:i]
try:
options.remoteport = int(remotespec[i+1:])
except ValueError:
usage(1, 'Bad remote port: %s' % remotespec)
return options
if __name__ == '__main__':
options = parseargs()
# Become nobody
classname = options.classname
if "." in classname:
lastdot = classname.rfind(".")
mod = __import__(classname[:lastdot], globals(), locals(), [""])
classname = classname[lastdot+1:]
else:
import __main__ as mod
class_ = getattr(mod, classname)
proxy = class_((options.localhost, options.localport),
(options.remotehost, options.remoteport),
options.size_limit)
if options.setuid:
try:
import pwd
except ImportError:
print('Cannot import module "pwd"; try running with -n option.', file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(1)
nobody = pwd.getpwnam('nobody')[2]
try:
os.setuid(nobody)
except OSError as e:
if e.errno != errno.EPERM: raise
print('Cannot setuid "nobody"; try running with -n option.', file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(1)
try:
asyncore.loop()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
